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"Quit Smoking Glossary"
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Acute... Unexpected onset, in reference to a disease. Acute often also can mean an illness that is of short duration, rapidly progressive, and in need of urgent care.
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Addiction... Uncontrollable craving and use of nicotine.
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Airway... The path air follows to get into and out of the lungs. The mouth and nose are the normal entry and exit ports. Entering air passes through the back of the throat, continues through the voice box, down the trachea, and finally into the lungs.
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Alveoli... Tiny, delicate air sacs deep within the lungs. It is at this level that the gas/blood exchange occurs, allowing oxygen from the air to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to leave it. Toxins from cigarette smoke break the thin walls of alveoli, leaving larger, less efficient air sacs. In a smoker, this process often signals the beginning of chronic lung disease, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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Angina... Chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle. The chest pain is generally severe and crushing. There is an intense feeling just behind the breastbone of pressure and suffocation.
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Artery... A vessel that carries blood high in oxygen content away from the heart to the farthest reaches of the body. Since blood in arteries is usually full of oxygen, the hemoglobin in the red blood cells is oxygenated.
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Asthma... A chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes which causes them to swell, resulting in the narrowing the airways.
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Ateriosclerosis... Is a disease in which fatty substances such as cholesterol, cellular waste, calcium and other substances are deposited along the lining of artery walls in a person's body which hinder blood flow. Tobacco smoke puts a person at risk for ateriosclerosis by aggravating known risk factors for this disease.
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Bidi Cigarettes... Small, brown, hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes.
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Bladder... The hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and produce urine, which enters the bladder through two tubes (ureters). Urine leaves the bladder through another tube (urethra).
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Bladder Cancer... A common form of cancer that begins in the lining of the bladder as a superficial tumor. The most common warning sign is blood in the urine. Other symptoms may include pain during urination any frequent urinations.
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Blood... The red fluid in the body that contains white and red blood cells, platelets, proteins, and other elements. The blood is transported throughout the body by the circulatory system.
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Blood Pressure... Is the pressure of the blood within the arteries. It is produced primarily by the contraction of the heart muscle. It's measurement is recorded by two numbers. The high number is the Systolic pressure and the low number is the Diastolic pressure.
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Breathing... The process of respiration, during which air is inhaled into the lungs through the mouth or nose due to muscle contraction, and then exhaled due to muscle relaxation.
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Bronchi... The large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs that convey air to and from the lungs.
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Bronchitis... Is the inflammation and swelling of the bronchi. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic.
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Cancer... A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
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Carbon Monoxide... A colorless, odorless, highly poisonous gas that is found in tobacco smoke.
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Carcinogen... Any substance, factor or situation that causes or induces cancer.
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Cardiovascular... The circulatory system which is comprised of the heart and the blood vessels which carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from them.
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Cardiovascular Disease... A disease affecting the heart or blood vessels.
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Cessation... To stop, pause, or interrupt. Typically, it's a permanent discontinuation.
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Chantix™ (Varenicline Tartrate)... This prescription drug has the unique ability to partially activate nicotinic receptors in the brain, reducing a person's craving for nicotine when they quit smoking. Chantix™ should be used in conjunction with a quit smoking program.
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Chest... The area of the body located between the neck and the abdomen . The chest contains the lungs, the heart and part of the aorta. The walls of the chest are supported by the dorsal vertebrae, the ribs and the sternum.
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Chest X-Ray... Commonly used to detect abnormalities in the lungs, but can also detect abnormalities in the heart, aorta, and the bones of the thoracic area.
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Chewing tobacco... A type of shredded or twisted smokeless tobacco that the user keeps in his mouth, between the cheek and gum.
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Chronic... Means lasting for a long time.
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Chronic Bronchitis... A respiratory disease in which the mucous membrane in the lungs' bronchial passages becomes inflamed. As the irritated membrane swells and grows thicker, it narrows or shuts off the tiny airways in the lungs, resulting in coughing spells accompanied by thick phlegm and breathlessness.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)... Is a disease in which the airways and tiny air sacs inside the lungs are partially obstructed or destroyed. The result is labored breathing. This disease occurs when a person breathes in lung irritants of some kind, which include smoke, chemicals, pollution and dust.
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Clove Cigarettes... Also known as kreteks, these cigarettes contain about 60 percent tobacco and 40 percent ground cloves.
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Cough... A rapid expulsion of air from the lungs typically in order to clear the lung airways of fluids, mucus, or material.
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Craving... An eager or intense desire. As related to smoking, a great yearning for nicotine.
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Diabetes... Refers to either diabetes mellitus, or to diabetes insipidus. Both of these conditions share the same name (diabetes) because they are both conditions characterized by excessive urination
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Dilate... To stretch or to enlarge.
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Dopamine... A neurotransmitter present in regions of the brain that regulate mood, attention, pleasure, reward, motivation, and movement.
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Dyspnea... Is a term used to describe difficult breathing. It's often associated with lung diseases such as emphysema or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
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Emphysema... A chronic obstructive lung disease characterized by shortness of breath and usually caused by chronic tobacco smoking. Characterized by an accumulation of air and loss of elastic recoil in the lung tissues.
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Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)... This is the combination of two forms of smoke from burning tobacco products: side stream smoke and mainstream smoke. See the term: "Second-Hand Smoke"
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Esophagus... The tube that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach. The esophagus lies between the windpipe and the spine. When a person swallows, the muscular walls of the esophagus contract to push food down into the stomach. Glands in the lining of the esophagus produce mucus, which keeps the passageway moist and facilitates swallowing
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Fertility Toxicant... Produces abnormalities of male or female reproductive functions or impairs reproductive capacity.
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Genotoxicity... The ability to cause damage to genetic material. Such damage may be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic.
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Heart... The muscle that pumps blood received from veins into arteries throughout the body. It is positioned in the chest behind the breastbone.
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Heart Attack... The death of the heart muscle is due to the loss of its blood supply. This is usually caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle.
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Heart Disease... Any disorder that affects the heart. Heart disease is synonymous with cardiac disease but not with cardiovascular disease which is any disease of the heart or blood vessels.
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Herbal Cigarettes... Tobacco and nicotine-free cigarettes. They produce many of the same toxins found in tobacco smoke, including tar and carbon monoxide.
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High Blood Pressure... Is also known as hypertension. By definition, a repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 (systolic pressure) over 90 (diastolic pressure).
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Hoarseness... A term referring to abnormal voice changes. Hoarseness may be manifested as a voice that sounds breathy, strained, rough or raspy. There are many causes of hoarseness, including laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, and environmental irritants which can be caused from tobacco smoking.
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Infection... Invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur in any part of the body and can be localized or systemic (spread throughout the body). The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can cause a fever and other problems, depending on the site of the infection.
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Inhaler... A device through which medicine is inhaled.
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Involuntary Smoking... Exposure to second-hand smoke that is exhaled by a smoker. Also known as passive smoking.
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Joint Effect... Simultaneous or successive effect of factors of diverse types (chemical, physical, biological) on an organism.
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Kidneys... A pair of organs located in the right and left side of the abdomen which clear "poisons" from the blood, regulate acid concentration and maintain water balance in the body by excreting urine. The kidneys are part of the urinary tract.
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Larynx... The larynx is part of the respiratory tract in the neck, that contains the vocal cords which produce vocal sounds. Also known as the voice box
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Lobelia... Is also known as Indian tobacco. It's a plant with medicinal properties that has been used historically to treat respiratory ailments like coughing, asthma and bronchitis.
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Low Blood Pressure... Any blood pressure that is below the normal expected for an individual in a given environment. Low blood pressure is also referred to as hypotension.
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Lungs... A pair of breathing organs located in the chest. The lungs add oxygen to the blood and also remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
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Mainstream Smoke... Is the smoke that is exhaled by the smoker.
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Malignancy... The population of cells showing both uncontrolled growth and a tendency to invade and destroy other tissues. A malignancy is life-threatening.
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Metastasis... Is the term used to describe the spreading of cancer cells from a primary site to a secondary location within the body. Cancer travels by way of the lymphatic system or the bloodstream.
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Mouth... The upper opening of the digestive tract, beginning with the lips and containing the teeth, gums, and tongue.
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Mucus... A thick slippery fluid produced by the membranes lining certain organs such as the nose, mouth and throat.
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Nicotinic Receptors... The nicotine molecule affects many bodily functions, which includes your breathing, heart rate, learning and memory. Acetylcholine in turn also affects other neurotransmitters that have influence over appetite, mood, and memory. When nicotine gets into the brain, it attaches to nerve cells in places where acetylcholine would typically attach, creating the same basic effects.
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Nicotine... A poisonous volatile alkaloid derived from tobacco and responsible for many of the effects of tobacco. At first, nicotine stimulates in small doses and then depresses, in large doses.
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Nicotine Gum... The nicotine gum delivers nicotine to the body to help eliminate withdrawal symptoms when you quit smoking. The gum should be chewed slowly until it tingles, then it should be parked between the cheek and gum. When the tingle is gone, begin the process over again for approximately 30 minutes.
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Nicotine Inhaler... Available by prescription only. The nicotine inhaler consists of a mouthpiece and a plastic cartridge which delivers nicotine from a porous plug. The cartridge is inserted into the mouthpiece prior to use. Best effects are achieved by frequent puffing.
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Nicotine Lozenge... The nicotine lozenge delivers nicotine to the body to help eliminate withdrawal symptoms when you quit smoking. The lozenge should dissolve slowly in your mouth, which takes approximately 20-30 minutes
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Nicotine Patch... A nicotine patch looks like an oversized adhesive bandage. The outer part of the patch sticks to your skin, while the inner portion slowly releases nicotine into your skin. Nicotine patches are available with and without a prescription.
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Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)... Nicotine replacement products help relieve some of the withdrawal symptoms people experience when they quit smoking. NRT's are available in patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers and sprays.
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Nicotine Spray... Available by prescription only. Nicotine spray should be delivered to each nostril 1-2 doses per hour. Each bottle of spray contains approximately 100 doses.
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Nitrosamines... Compounds found in tobacco than can cause cancer.
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Onset... The first appearance of the signs or symptoms of an illness.
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Oxygen... A colorless, odorless and tasteless gas that makes up about 20% of the air that we breathe. Oxygen is essential to human, animal and plant life.
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Pain... An unpleasant sensation that can range from a mild, localized discomfort to agony. Pain has both physical and emotional components that affect the mind and body.
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Pancreas... Is a spongy organ about 6 inches (15 cm) long that stretches across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach. The pancreas makes pancreatic juices and hormones, including insulin. The pancreatic juices are enzymes that help digest food in the small intestine and insulin controls the amount of sugar in the blood.
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Passive Smoking... Exposure to second-hand smoke that is exhaled by a smoker. Also known as involuntary smoking.
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Physical Dependence... Refers to a state resulting from habitual use of a drug such as nicotine, where negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation.
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Pneumonia... An inflammatory infection that occurs in the lungs.
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Poison... Any substance that can cause severe distress or death if ingested, breathed in, or absorbed through the skin.
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Prescription (Rx)... A physician's order for the preparation and administration of a drug or device for a patient.
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Prescription Drug... A drug requiring a prescription, as opposed to an over-the-counter drug, which can be purchased without one.
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Pulmonary... Having to do with the lungs.
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Pulmonary Embolism... The obstruction of the pulmonary artery or a branch of it leading to the lungs by a blood clot, usually from the leg, or foreign material causing sudden closure of the vessel.
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Quitline... A toll-free hotline staffed by counselors trained specifically on quitting smoking.
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Respiratory... Having to do with respiration, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Respiratory Failure... Is the inability of the lungs to perform gas exchange. It occurs either when the muscles of the ventilatory system fail or when the structures that perform gas exchange are unable to function.
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Rush... A surge of pleasure that rapidly follows the administration of some drugs.
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Second-Hand Smoke... Environmental tobacco smoke that is inhaled involuntarily or passively by someone who is not smoking. Environmental tobacco smoke is generated from the sidestream (the burning end) of a cigarette, pipe or cigar or from the exhaled mainstream (the smoke puffed out by smokers) of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars.
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Sign... Any objective evidence of disease. It can be recognized by the patient, the doctor, the nurse, or other individuals.
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Small Cell Cancer... Small cell cancer is one of two types of cancer that is found in the lungs. It is usually faster growing than the other type, but is often more responsive to chemotherapy. Limited Stage cancer is typically confined to within the chest and Extensive Stage cancer spreads outside of the chest area.
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Smoking Cessation... The effort to stop smoking tobacco products.
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Smokeless Tobacco... Tobacco that is not smoked but used in another form. Chewing tobacco and snuff are the two main forms of smokeless tobacco in use in the United States.
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Snuff... Is tobacco in the form of a powder that is inhaled into the nose and not smoked.
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Sputum... The mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea that one may cough up and spit out, or swallow.
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Stroke... The sudden death of some brain cells due to a lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain.
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)... The sudden and unexpected death of a baby with no known illness, typically affecting sleeping infants between the ages of 2 wk and 6 mo.
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Surgeon... A physician who treats disease, injury, or deformity by operative or manual methods. A medical doctor specialized in the removal of organs, masses and tumors and in doing other procedures using a scalpel (knife).
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Tar... Tar is the term used to describe the toxic chemicals found in cigarettes. The concentration of tar in a cigarette determines its rating which is usually 5-27 mg.
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Therapy... Is the treatment of disease.
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Throat... The throat is the front portion of the neck beginning at the back of the mouth and consisting of the pharynx and larynx. The throat contains the trachea and a portion of the esophagus.
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Tobacco... A South American herb whose leaves contain 2-8% nicotine and serve as the source of smoking and smokeless tobacco.
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Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (TSNA)... Are some of the most potent carcinogens known, and are only found in tobacco products including snuff, chewing tobacco and all forms of smoking tobacco.
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Tolerance... A condition in which higher doses of a drug are required to produce the same effect as during initial use, which often leads to physical dependence.
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Trigger... Something that initiates a reaction to smoke, such as a cigarette craving. Can be caused by any type of emotion or habit like eating or drinking, excitement, social events, disappointments and etc.
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Ulcer... Is an area of tissue erosion. Ulcers can appear on the skin or in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Due to the erosion, an ulcer is always depressed below the level of the surrounding tissue.
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Urinary... Having to do with the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
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Urine... Is a liquid waste and is a clear, transparent fluid. It normally has an amber color.
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Voice Box... The voice box, or larynx, is the portion of the respiratory (breathing) tract that contains the vocal cords which produce sound.
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Weight Loss... Is a decrease in body weight resulting from either voluntary (diets and exercise) or involuntary (illness) circumstances. A good example of involuntary weight loss is the weight that is lost due to cancer
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Withdrawal... The syndrome of physical and psychological symptoms that follows the discontinuance of an addicting drug, like nicotine.
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Zyban® (Bupropion SR)... This prescription drug helps individuals to quit smoking. It is also sold as an antidepressant under the name of Wellbutrin®. For best results, use Zyban® in conjunction with a quit smoking program.
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